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This is the file .../info/dir, which contains the topmost node of the Info hierarchy, called (dir)Top. The first time you invoke Info you start off looking at this node. File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. Typing "q" exits, "H" lists all Info commands, "d" returns here, "h" gives a primer for first-timers, "mEmacs<Return>" visits the Emacs manual, etc. In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference to select it. * Menu: Archiving * Shar utilities: (sharutils). Shell archiver, uuencode/uudecode. Basics * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. * Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities. * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. * Ed: (ed). The GNU line editor * File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes. * Finding files: (find). Operating on files matching certain criteria. * Time: (time). time C++ libraries * autosprintf: (autosprintf). Support for printf format strings in C++. Compression * Gzip: (gzip). General (de)compression of files (lzw). Development * Com_err: (com_err). A Common Error Description Library for UNIX. * libffi: (libffi). Portable foreign function interface library. Editors * JED: (jed). The JED editor * nano: (nano). Small and friendly text editor. Emacs * Emacs FAQ: (efaq). Frequently Asked Questions about Emacs. General Commands * Screen: (screen). Full-screen window manager. GNU Gettext Utilities * autopoint: (gettext)autopoint Invocation. Copy gettext infrastructure. * envsubst: (gettext)envsubst Invocation. Expand environment variables. * gettextize: (gettext)gettextize Invocation. Prepare a package for gettext. * gettext: (gettext). GNU gettext utilities. * ISO3166: (gettext)Country Codes. ISO 3166 country codes. * ISO639: (gettext)Language Codes. ISO 639 language codes. * msgattrib: (gettext)msgattrib Invocation. Select part of a PO file. * msgcat: (gettext)msgcat Invocation. Combine several PO files. * msgcmp: (gettext)msgcmp Invocation. Compare a PO file and template. * msgcomm: (gettext)msgcomm Invocation. Match two PO files. * msgconv: (gettext)msgconv Invocation. Convert PO file to encoding. * msgen: (gettext)msgen Invocation. Create an English PO file. * msgexec: (gettext)msgexec Invocation. Process a PO file. * msgfilter: (gettext)msgfilter Invocation. Pipe a PO file through a filter. * msgfmt: (gettext)msgfmt Invocation. Make MO files out of PO files. * msggrep: (gettext)msggrep Invocation. Select part of a PO file. * msginit: (gettext)msginit Invocation. Create a fresh PO file. * msgmerge: (gettext)msgmerge Invocation. Update a PO file from template. * msgunfmt: (gettext)msgunfmt Invocation. Uncompile MO file into PO file. * msguniq: (gettext)msguniq Invocation. Unify duplicates for PO file. * ngettext: (gettext)ngettext Invocation. Translate a message with plural. * xgettext: (gettext)xgettext Invocation. Extract strings into a PO file. GNU organization * Maintaining Findutils: (find-maint). Maintaining GNU findutils GNU Packages * CVS: (cvs). Concurrent Versions System GNU Utilities * acct: (accounting). The GNU Accounting utilities for process and login accounting * dirmngr: (gnupg). X.509 CRL and OCSP server. * dirmngr-client: (gnupg). X.509 CRL and OCSP client. * gpg-agent: (gnupg). The secret key daemon. * gpg2: (gnupg). OpenPGP encryption and signing tool. * gpgsm: (gnupg). S/MIME encryption and signing tool. * gpg: (gnupg1). OpenPGP encryption and signing tool (v1). Indent Code Formatter * Indent: (indent). C code formatter. Individual utilities * aclocal-invocation: (automake-1.16)aclocal Invocation. Generating aclocal.m4. * arch: (coreutils)arch invocation. Print machine hardware name. * automake-invocation: (automake-1.16)automake Invocation. Generating Makefile.in. * b2sum: (coreutils)b2sum invocation. Print or check BLAKE2 digests. * base32: (coreutils)base32 invocation. Base32 encode/decode data. * base64: (coreutils)base64 invocation. Base64 encode/decode data. * basename: (coreutils)basename invocation. Strip directory and suffix. * basenc: (coreutils)basenc invocation. Encoding/decoding of data. * bibtex: (web2c)bibtex invocation. Maintaining bibliographies. * cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files. * chcon: (coreutils)chcon invocation. Change SELinux CTX of files. * chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups. * chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change access permissions. * chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners and groups. * chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory. * cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum. * cmp: (diffutils)Invoking cmp. Compare 2 files byte by byte. * comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line. * cp: (coreutils)cp invocation. Copy files. * csplit: (coreutils)csplit invocation. Split by context. * cut: (coreutils)cut invocation. Print selected parts of lines. * cvs: (cvs)CVS command list. Concurrent Versions System * date: (coreutils)date invocation. Print/set system date and time. * dd: (coreutils)dd invocation. Copy and convert a file. * df: (coreutils)df invocation. Report file system disk usage. * diff: (diffutils)Invoking diff. Compare 2 files line by line. * diff3: (diffutils)Invoking diff3. Compare 3 files line by line. * dir: (coreutils)dir invocation. List directories briefly. * dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors invocation. Color setup for ls. * dirname: (coreutils)dirname invocation. Strip last file name component. * du: (coreutils)du invocation. Report on disk usage. * dvicopy: (web2c)dvicopy invocation. Virtual font expansion * dvitomp: (web2c)dvitomp invocation. DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures). * dvitype: (web2c)dvitype invocation. DVI to human-readable text. * echo: (coreutils)echo invocation. Print a line of text. * env: (coreutils)env invocation. Modify the environment. * expand: (coreutils)expand invocation. Convert tabs to spaces. * expr: (coreutils)expr invocation. Evaluate expressions. * factor: (coreutils)factor invocation. Print prime factors * false: (coreutils)false invocation. Do nothing, unsuccessfully. * find: (find)Invoking find. Finding and acting on files. * fmt: (coreutils)fmt invocation. Reformat paragraph text. * fold: (coreutils)fold invocation. Wrap long input lines. * gftodvi: (web2c)gftodvi invocation. Generic font proofsheets. * gftopk: (web2c)gftopk invocation. Generic to packed fonts. * gftype: (web2c)gftype invocation. GF to human-readable text. * groups: (coreutils)groups invocation. Print group names a user is in. * gunzip: (gzip)Overview. Decompression. * gzexe: (gzip)Overview. Compress executables. * head: (coreutils)head invocation. Output the first part of files. * hostid: (coreutils)hostid invocation. Print numeric host identifier. * hostname: (coreutils)hostname invocation. Print or set system name. * id: (coreutils)id invocation. Print user identity. * install: (coreutils)install invocation. Copy files and set attributes. * install-tl:: Installing TeX Live. * join: (coreutils)join invocation. Join lines on a common field. * kill: (coreutils)kill invocation. Send a signal to processes. * link: (coreutils)link invocation. Make hard links between files. * ln: (coreutils)ln invocation. Make links between files. * locate: (find)Invoking locate. Finding files in a database. * logname: (coreutils)logname invocation. Print current login name. * ls: (coreutils)ls invocation. List directory contents. * md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum invocation. Print or check MD5 digests. * mf: (web2c)mf invocation. Creating typeface families. * mft: (web2c)mft invocation. Prettyprinting Metafont source. * mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir invocation. Create directories. * mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo invocation. Create FIFOs (named pipes). * mknod: (coreutils)mknod invocation. Create special files. * mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp invocation. Create temporary files. * mltex: (web2c)MLTeX. Multi-lingual TeX. * mpost: (web2c)mpost invocation. Generating PostScript. * mv: (coreutils)mv invocation. Rename files. * nice: (coreutils)nice invocation. Modify niceness. * nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files. * nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups. * nproc: (coreutils)nproc invocation. Print the number of processors. * numfmt: (coreutils)numfmt invocation. Reformat numbers. * od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc. * paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files. * patch: (diffutils)Invoking patch. Apply a patch to a file. * patgen: (web2c)patgen invocation. Creating hyphenation patterns. * pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability. * pktogf: (web2c)pktogf invocation. Packed to generic fonts. * pktype: (web2c)pktype invocation. PK to human-readable text. * pltotf: (web2c)pltotf invocation. Property list to TFM. * pooltype: (web2c)pooltype invocation. Display WEB pool files. * pr: (coreutils)pr invocation. Paginate or columnate files. * printenv: (coreutils)printenv invocation. Print environment variables. * printf: (coreutils)printf invocation. Format and print data. * ptx: (coreutils)ptx invocation. Produce permuted indexes. * pwd: (coreutils)pwd invocation. Print working directory. * readlink: (coreutils)readlink invocation. Print referent of a symlink. * realpath: (coreutils)realpath invocation. Print resolved file names. * rm: (coreutils)rm invocation. Remove files. * rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir invocation. Remove empty directories. * runcon: (coreutils)runcon invocation. Run in specified SELinux CTX. * sdiff: (diffutils)Invoking sdiff. Merge 2 files side-by-side. * seq: (coreutils)seq invocation. Print numeric sequences * sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum invocation. Print or check SHA-1 digests. * sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests. * shar: (sharutils)shar Invocation. Make a shell archive. * shred: (coreutils)shred invocation. Remove files more securely. * shuf: (coreutils)shuf invocation. Shuffling text files. * sleep: (coreutils)sleep invocation. Delay for a specified time. * sort: (coreutils)sort invocation. Sort text files. * split: (coreutils)split invocation. Split into pieces. * stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status. * stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf invocation. Modify stdio buffering. * stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings. * sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum. * sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory to disk. * tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files. * tail: (coreutils)tail invocation. Output the last part of files. * tangle: (web2c)tangle invocation. WEB to Pascal. * tee: (coreutils)tee invocation. Redirect to multiple files. * test: (coreutils)test invocation. File/string tests. * tex: (web2c)tex invocation. Typesetting. * tftopl: (web2c)tftopl invocation. TFM -> property list. * timeout: (coreutils)timeout invocation. Run with time limit. * tlmgr:: Managing TeX Live. * touch: (coreutils)touch invocation. Change file timestamps. * tr: (coreutils)tr invocation. Translate characters. * true: (coreutils)true invocation. Do nothing, successfully. * truncate: (coreutils)truncate invocation. Shrink/extend size of a file. * tsort: (coreutils)tsort invocation. Topological sort. * tty: (coreutils)tty invocation. Print terminal name. * uname: (coreutils)uname invocation. Print system information. * unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand invocation. Convert spaces to tabs. * uniq: (coreutils)uniq invocation. Uniquify files. * unlink: (coreutils)unlink invocation. Removal via unlink(2). * unshar: (sharutils)unshar Invocation. Explode a shell archive. * updatedb: (find)Invoking updatedb. Building the locate database. * uptime: (coreutils)uptime invocation. Print uptime and load. * users: (coreutils)users invocation. Print current user names. * uudecode: (sharutils)uudecode Invocation. Restore file from 7-bits. * uuencode: (sharutils)uuencode Invocation. Force binary file to 7-bits. * vdir: (coreutils)vdir invocation. List directories verbosely. * vftovp: (web2c)vftovp invocation. Virtual font -> virtual pl. * vptovf: (web2c)vptovf invocation. Virtual pl -> virtual font. * wc: (coreutils)wc invocation. Line, word, and byte counts. * wdiff: (wdiff)wdiff invocation. Word difference finder. * weave: (web2c)weave invocation. WEB to TeX. * who: (coreutils)who invocation. Print who is logged in. * whoami: (coreutils)whoami invocation. Print effective user ID. * xargs: (find)Invoking xargs. Operating on many files. * yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely. * zcat: (gzip)Overview. Decompression to stdout. * zdiff: (gzip)Overview. Compare compressed files. * zforce: (gzip)Overview. Force .gz extension on files. * zgrep: (gzip)Overview. Search compressed files. * zmore: (gzip)Overview. Decompression output by pages. Internationalization and character sets * recode: (recode). Conversion between character sets and surfaces. Kernel * grub-dev: (grub-dev). The GRand Unified Bootloader Dev * grub-install: (grub)Invoking grub-install. Install GRUB on your drive * grub-mkconfig: (grub)Invoking grub-mkconfig. Generate GRUB configuration * grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2: (grub)Invoking grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2. * grub-mkrelpath: (grub)Invoking grub-mkrelpath. * grub-mkrescue: (grub)Invoking grub-mkrescue. Make a GRUB rescue image * grub-mount: (grub)Invoking grub-mount. Mount a file system using GRUB * grub-probe: (grub)Invoking grub-probe. Probe device information * grub-script-check: (grub)Invoking grub-script-check. * GRUB: (grub). The GRand Unified Bootloader Libraries * RLuserman: (rluserman). The GNU readline library User's Manual. Math * bc: (bc). An arbitrary precision calculator language. Miscellaneous * Python 3.10: (python3.10). One line description of project * acct: (accounting). User specific process accounting. * dc: (dc). Arbitrary precision RPN "Desktop Calculator". * debian-policy: (debian-policy.info). Debian Policy Manual. Network applications * Wget: (wget). Non-interactive network downloader. Platform Management * FreeIPMI FAQ: (freeipmi-faq). FreeIPMI - Frequently Asked Questions Programming * cvsclient: (cvsclient). The CVS client/server protocol. * flex: (flex). Fast lexical analyzer generator (lex replacement). Programming & development tools * gdbm_dump: (gdbm) gdbm_dump. Dump the GDBM database into a flat file. * gdbm_load: (gdbm) gdbm_load. Load the database from a flat file. * gdbmtool: (gdbm) gdbmtool. Examine and modify a GDBM database. * GDBM: (gdbm). The GNU database manager. Software development * Automake: (automake-1.16). Making GNU standards-compliant Makefiles. * Automake-history: (automake-history). History of Automake development. TeX * DVI-to-Postscript: (dvips). Translating TeX DVI files to PostScript. * Kpathsea: (kpathsea). File lookup along search paths. * TLbuild: (tlbuild). TeX Live configuration and development. * TeX Directories: (tds). A directory structure for TeX files. * Web2c: (web2c). TeX, Metafont, and companion programs. * afm2tfm: (dvips)Invoking afm2tfm. Making Type 1 fonts available to TeX. * dvips: (dvips)Invoking Dvips. DVI-to-PostScript translator. * kpsewhich: (kpathsea)Invoking kpsewhich. TeX file searching. * mktexfmt: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. Format (fmt/base/mem) generation. * mktexlsr: (kpathsea)Filename database. Update ls-R. * mktexmf: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. MF source generation. * mktexpk: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. PK bitmap generation. * mktextex: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. TeX source generation. * mktextfm: (kpathsea)mktex scripts. TeX font metric generation. Texinfo documentation system * info stand-alone: (info-stnd). Read Info documents without Emacs. Text creation and manipulation * Diffutils: (diffutils). Comparing and merging files. * M4: (m4). A powerful macro processor. * Word differences: (wdiff). GNU wdiff and diff related tools. * grep: (grep). Print lines that match patterns. * sed: (sed). Stream EDitor. Typesetting * Groff: (groff). The GNU troff document formatting system. Version control * RCS: (rcs). GNU Revision Control System.